Gender Inequality - 1640 Words

Society today often only addresses one side of the gender inequality issue: the grievances of women. Feminists have fought against the ingrained tradition of women as housewives with no rights and being looked down upon as the lesser sex. The women’s rights movement in the United States has worked tirelessly since 1848 to fight for rights and break down gender barriers. Misogyny and gender constructs, such as the ideal of beauty, hold women back in various aspects of their lives as discussed in the articles â€Å"Marked Women† by Deborah Tannen and â€Å"A Woman’s Beauty: Put Down or Power Source† by Susan Sontag. Men are viewed as the dominant sex and in our patriarchal society, they have all the rights women do not get to enjoy. This gender gap†¦show more content†¦Not wearing makeup is an unmarked decision for men while for women, it will mark them differently in the eyes of others. Today, if a girl decides not to wear makeup to school, she is bombarded with questions like â€Å"Are you sick?† or â€Å"Are you tired?† Girls are then judged if they wear too much makeup, if they do not wear it correctly, if they do not wear enough, or if they choose to not wear it at all. Wearing makeup is used to determine whether a woman looks professional, put-together, or attractive, and if it is not worn women are marked to be without any of these characteristics. Women cannot stay unmarked since every action will define her character, even if it is negative or false definition. Not only is a woman’s appearance judged to reveal her character, but there is also an expected standard of beauty for women to maintain. In the essay â€Å"A Woman s Beauty: Put Down or Power Source,† Susan Sontag discusses how the ideal of beauty has now become a duty for woman. Women are judged into parts, and one part of a woman’s body can determine their beauty in the eyes of others. In the 21st century, girls are taught that beauty is to have plump lips, big breasts, hairless legs, a flat stomach, a tiny waistline, a thigh gap, and otherShow MoreRelatedEssay On Gender Inequality1127 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"superior† race/gender of a white male were typically treated as if they were less. Women and African-Americans aren’t being treated as bad today, but they’re still being treated worse than the white males of society. Even today, when white males are typically the leaders of society, it’s not always race and gender that cr eates inequality; sometimes it’s money that creates the issue. Not just from past evidence, but from present evidence as well, America shows signs of inequality by the way peopleRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality922 Words   |  4 PagesGender Inequalities in Education Judge Sonia Sotomayor states, â€Å"Until we get equality in education, we won t have an equal society. That quote resonates throughout the world because of gender inequality in education. Researchers believe gender inequality still exists in the 21st century. Through research, controversial opinions exist about inequality in schools and what has been done to address this situation. What is gender equality? Gender inequality refers to disproportionate dealing or assessmentsRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender Inequalities825 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ursini Mrs. Karen Cardenas English 4 Sec 03 Sum 17 07 July 2017 Gender Inequalities Thesis: While this could be the best thing the world could accomplish if something changes, Women and men should not be segregated into their own category. Because both genders should have equal rights when it comes to working, money, households, relationships and other categories. This problem has been around for a long time but never been brought to a lot of people s attention, because of this nobody talksRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality1791 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequalities have been around since the beginning of time, and it has been a long and bumpy road to achieve the amount of equality that we have today. Still everyday women have the risk of being discriminated against for simply being women. Depending on where these women live, what the predominate culture in the area is, and the amount of education that is allowed affects their risk of being discriminated against and the severity of the act itself. Discrimination can be displayed in formsRead MoreG ender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Inequalities1787 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequality plays a critical role when it comes to social progress. As a woman, I have seen the struggles for equality to men in many aspects. Regardless of the great strides that women have achieved today, it is still hard to find equal opportunity and to be fairly recognized. Some of the areas where gender inequality is very prevalent are in areas such as, equal pay in the workplace, professional education careers, household work, sexism and discrimination just to name a few. GenderRead MoreGender Inequalities Of Sports And Gender Inequality1468 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequalities in Sport Men throughout history have been the dominant gender, from the times of hunting with stone weapons to the modern day metal and automated machines. Many negative connotations are thought of when comparing women to men like strength, but less so when comparing men to women. Is it the society’s view that women are weaker than men or is it a natural fact brought to light? In sports women experience many prejudices, but even so some sports are equal or even female dominant

Persuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech - 758 Words

We as United States citizens have become too sensitive to the negativity that has been put upon us. In todays world people are going to be offended and there are things that should offend us. My point is not that it’s alright to offend people; offending someone on purpose is just wrong. However to seek to ban the offensive opinions of others is an assault on freedom of speech and freedom of thought. This belief has disrupted our education process, made us lose our sense of security, and it’s killing the american dream. Political correctness has in some ways leveled the playing field in schools. Is this a good thing? Your high performers have to take it down a notch so everyone can be included. It diminishes team performance and doesn’t†¦show more content†¦Instead of taking notes on the class work Carol had taken notes of how John was interacting with her. She had claimed in her notes â€Å"The twelfth: â€Å"Have a good day, dear† and another instance she noted that John said â€Å"Now, don’t you look fetching†. These are quotes that Carol had twisted from John’s mouth, he wanted to make a connection with her so that it would help her understand the class subject but instead of absorbing the education she had decided to find ways to manipulate John and her interactions to show how he had more power than she did. She wanted to prove that it was not ok for him to have this power. She did this under no good reason also, she did this because her group told her too and they thought that male teachers had too much power. College students have the opportunities the recieve an education and live the american dream not to take power away from their superiors. The American dream is the idea that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. America is more than just a country. It’s an idea our founding fathers had years ago. A place where greatness and leadership is invaluable to our way of life. Sometimes ideas need to be said. Yes some will find them offensive, but if the person saying them truly believes it is what is best for us as a nation. Then say it!! Nothing is more hurtfulShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech800 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech in America is defined by the right to express any opinions without any censorship or restraint. But it isn’t just defined by the words people speak aloud. It’s the actions they take part in to support the words they express. The writing of books and essays, creating artwork, giving speeches to grand crowds, voting, protesting. But do all people have the right to speak their mind? Should people be able to speak freely, to express opinions and thoughts, as promised in the United StatesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech1083 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of Speech When the rules and doctrines of our country were first being assembled, the right minded individuals with the power of legislature took a page from John Locke and affirmed that Americans are endowed with a list of natural rights upon birth. The first and arguably most important notch on that list if the frequently used and abused First Amendment, our freedom of Speech. The First Amendment solemnly declares that Congress is incapable of passing any legislation which inhibits a citizen’sRead MorePersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech1922 Words   |  8 Pageswith how America is at the moment. They are not happy with the Racism that America is said to be full of. The athletes use a form of freedom of speech to show their concern for the country. Some Americans find this act disrespectful to the flag and the military. Their form of freedom of speech is viewed as a form of patriotism. Their form of freedom of speech is also viewed as wrong and dishonoring. The athletes kneel to make a point, showing a sign of patriotism, but some Americans findRead MoreCritical Response Essay Final - I Have a Dream981 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Response Essay ------------------------------------------------- How does ‘I have a Dream’ By Martin Luther King conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a persuasive speech, and for what purpose? ------------------------------------------------- I have chosen the question â€Å"How does the text conform to, or deviate from, the conventions of a particular genre, and for what purpose?† I have decided to analyse Martin Luther King’s classic Civil Rights Movement speech â€Å"I have a Dream†Read MoreAmerica s Constitution Was Built Upon The Fundamentals That All Citizens1065 Words   |  5 Pagesthey believe that citizens should become more accepting of others and willing to converse despite their differences. Bloomberg wrote in his commencement speech at Harvard’s graduation for the class of 2014 that, citizens of the U.S. should protect their freedom of speech and also to tolerate the beliefs of others. Likewise Kaminer argued in her essay A Civic Duty to Annoy published in â€Å"The Atlantic† that citizens have a responsibility to enter thought provoking discussions on important issues to buildRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Novel, Animal Farm881 Words   |  4 PagesStudent: K Ganesh The following essay will discuss an extract from George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm: 1945. Persuasive proses will be discussed with the use of linguistic features such as lexical cohesion, metaphor, hyperbole, mood, pronouns, quoted speech, polarity and tense. This will be based on the persuasion and the creation of an alliance, focussing on the freedom and concern of similar parties. The entire extract has made use of quoted speech using scare quotes, drawing attention toRead MoreRhetoric And Rhetoric - I Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagessocial world. For a long time, the world has been exposed to the persuasive model of rhetoric that has dominated most of the speeches we have had. A different approach to rhetoric has however not received the attention that it deserves. The rhetoric approach is called invitational model of rhetoric. The invitational approach promises to bring more impressive and long term results as opposed to the traditional model of rhetoric. This essay will examine and compare the traditional and the invitationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Vincent Van Gogh s The Starry Night Painting1180 Words   |  5 Pagespainting gets analyzed, you can feel what he was trying to portray not only through the Starry night painting, but the rest of his paintings as well. 2. Select a discursive artifact (such as a speech, an essay, or song lyrics) and show how the five canons of rhetoric are operating in it. - The famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. â€Å"I Have a Dream,† given to an audience at the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963 is a perfect example of Aristotle’s five canons of rhetoric. First of all, inventionRead MoreAnalysis Of Coca Cola And Grove Press By Richard Seaver786 Words   |  4 Pagesother company is using their strength against the original company who came up with it first. Between the two letters that have been written back and forth about this quote, Seaver’s letter may be seen as the most persuasive. For starters, Seaver’s letter can be seen as the most persuasive between the two because he justifies a clear statement that the jingle was not stolen at all. Towards the end of the letter, Seaver mentions about a book reviewer’s words on the book itself. Peter S. Prescott hasRead MoreWhy The United States Entered World War I942 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I This essay will examine all nine readings. There will also be insight given to why the United States entered World War I, and whether or not the reasons were persuasive. Other things will also be discussed, including: what America’s war aims were, and how Wilson’s goals were unrealistic, misleading, overly idealistic and moralistic. The fact that Wilson expected too much of international law and international organization. Also, why Wilson’s goals were not achieved. That the national

Medical Access Among Individuals Of A Low Ses And High Ses...

Introduction In modern medicine, the focus of many practices has deviated from their purpose. The field of medicine has become more of an enterprise generating income from individuals that cannot afford the expenses. The service provided to an individual is dictated by the socioeconomic status (SES) of that individual. According to various scholars, the term SES is defined as a tool utilized to measure an individual’s economic and social standing in comparison to others based on education, occupation, and income. When endeavoring to understand the health disparities that exist within and throughout the various SES, it is imperative to consider this question: what are the differences in medical access among individuals of a low SES and high SES? In the effort to highlight the disproportion, scholars have conducted numerous research studies underlining the disparities that dominate the medical field based on individual’s SES. As medicine continues to advance in a prosperous course, mo re and more societies are becoming deprived of an equitable medical service due to the price tag. A countless number of studies have been conducted and there are more ongoing research studies being conducted in the spirit of highlighting the health disparities that subsist within the different socioeconomic standings. Scholars from a wide range of disciplines have attempted to understand the correlation underlying the SES in our societies? On the baseline, the scholars seem to share a commonShow MoreRelatedSocio Economic Status And Health1748 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social stratification is one of the tenets of sociological inquiry, and the association between socio-economic status and health could be viewed as a classical problem in medical sociology that dates back the mid-19th century works of Friedrich Engels, Rudolf Wirchow and Salvador Allende. These scholars writing during the early years of capitalism (Salvador Allende is an exception as to this trend as he studied the social origins of illness in the later times and a different geographicalRead MoreA Brief Note On African American Adults And Obesity1480 Words   |  6 Pagesto the rest of the population. Many factors contribute to these disparities. According to the CDC, among the contributors are â€Å"socioeconomic factors (e.g., education, employment, and income), lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical activity and alcohol intake), social environment (e.g., educational and economic opportunities, racial/ethnic discrimination, and neighborhood and work conditions), and access to preve ntive health-care services (e.g., cancer screening and vaccination).† One of the most importantRead MoreSexual Minority Women854 Words   |  4 Pagesdisparities in health care access, utilization and health outcomes among racial and sexual minority women, the current study seeks to address existing gaps and offer directions for health promotion and future research in this area. This is a retrospective comparison study, examining the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health care seeking behaviors; and the moderating effect of sexual orientation and racial identity on this relationship. Comparative analysis of two medical institutions willRead MoreSocioeconomic Status Essay3746 Words   |  15 PagesDevelopment Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most widely studied constructs in the social sciences. Several ways of measuring SES have been proposed, but most include some quantification of family income, parental education, and occupational status. Research shows that SES is associated with a wide variety of health, cognitive, and socioemotional outcomes in children, with effects beginning prior to birth and continuing into adulthood. A variety of mechanisms linking SES to child well-being have beenRead MoreA Study On Type II Diabetes Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesType II diabetes is one of the most critical health issues in NZ, due to its prevalence and severity. There are significant differences in prevalence in NZ among different socioeconomic/ethnic groups. This assignment will discuss different measures of health and socioeconomic status (SES), describe different explanations of the diabetes-related inequalities in NZ and how different factors interact to perpetuate these, and d iscuss whether these inequalities are inequities. Type II diabetes is a non-communicableRead MorePerspective: Honing In On Child Health. From These Studies1753 Words   |  8 PagesFrom these studies one can see the variety of ways in which SES affects adult health, thus there is sufficient evidence to warrant a closer examination of how SES shapes early childhood health. Lower birth rates and higher infant mortality rates on average are associated with children from a lower SES background (Anderson 1995). The latter leading to 60% of all infant deaths in the first months of their lives. In fact, children with lower SES backgrounds, have been found to have reported higher levelsRead MoreObese And Overweight Hispanic Children923 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequence of a low Socioeconomic Status. A famous American chef, Tom Colicchio, once said: â€Å"This is what people don t understand: obesity is a symptom of poverty. It s not a lifestyle choice where people are just eating and not exercising. It s because kids - and this is the problem with school lunch right now - are getting sugar, fat, empty calories - lots of calories - but no nutrition† . On the other hand, a socioeconomic status, according to the dictionary is â€Å"An individual s or group sRead MoreSmoking Is The Primary Cause Of Preventable Diseases Essay1978 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorders (Kuper, Adami Boffetta, 2002). Smoking is found to be disproportionately more prevalent among the disadvantaged individuals in society (Marmot Wilkinson, 2006). A tobacco-caused disease epidemic emerged in the twentieth century and persists till today, during which the incidence of lung cancer, of which 90% is caused by smoking, rose drastically (Witschi, 2001). Lung cancer is a medical condition caused by fast-growing cells that form malignant tumors in the lungs, which invade and destroyRead MoreCorrelation between Social Strata and Levels of Stress1614 Words   |  6 Pages2002; Paradies, 2006). The literature confirms that occupying lower social strata and experiencing high levels of stress is deleterious for health (Aneshensel, 1992; Barr, 2008; Karasek et al., 1988; Meyer, 2003), promoting the core tenant of fundamental cause theory: social conditions cause health outcomes. Evidence of Fundamental Causes—The case of SES Socioeconomic status is one way individuals are socially stratified. In Western society, we’ve created a social hierarchy surrounding wealth, occupationalRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1933 Words   |  8 Pages(sourced from Tiatia-Seath, 2016) â€Å"of all forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking† – Dr Martin Luther King Jr. will be used to illustrate four examples of injustices in health. Firstly, patient dumping is gaining popularity among hospitals in the United States due to a lack of funding. This example highlights the ways corporate organisations can readily evade prosecution from injustices in health by creating an alternative to the traditional way of patient dumping. Secondly

Antigone, By Sophocles And Anouilh s Versions Of The...

Procession of power tends to limit one’s perception and expose its corruption. For instance, Creon’s misogynistic tendencies in Antigone substantiate the idea that abuse of power causes one’s self-immolation. Antigone is a tragedy based on Greek mythology first written by Sophocles, and was later adapted by Jean Anouilh as the modern version. In like manner, the Creon in both versions plays the same antagonist but different characterization. Creon in Sophocles’ version seeks adoption of authority through constructing his own human law and eliminating other forms of authorities. By way of contrast, Creon in Anouilh’s text maintains his power by convincing his subjects of his authority and illustrating the consequences for opposing him. In spite of different intentions in each text, both Creon are incapable to escape the fate of destruction as a result of power abuse. In both Sophocles’ and Anouilh’s versions of Antigone, Creon’s unyielding desire to maintain his power results in his inevitable deterioration. Such tragic flaw is accentuated through his obstinate adherence to man-made law and his hubris, which determines his hamartia. In Sophocles’ Antigone, Creon thrusts into assertion of his power through exorbitant pride and ignorance of alternative opinions. He places himself opposition of divine law. Power corruption is strengthened by his tragic flaw of prioritizing his authority over divine law when he mentions, â€Å"Blasphemy, to say the gods could give aShow MoreRelated Comparing Sophocles Antigone and Jean Anouilhs Antigone Essay2293 Words   |  10 PagesBoth Sophocles and Jean Anouilh use the simple story-line of a girl defying her uncle and king in the face of death to reflect upon the events and attitudes of their days. Sophocles Antigone models the classical pattern of tragedy by incorporating key elements such as a tragic hero with a fatal flaw and the Man-God-Society triangle. Creon is the tragic hero who disturbs the natural harmony of Thebes by denying Polyneices a funeral. Antigone is the catalyst who forces him to reckon with the consequences

David Levinson Seasons Of A Mans Life Essay Example For Students

David Levinson: Seasons Of A Mans Life Essay David Levinson: Seasons of A Mans LifeIntroductionBackgroundIn May of 1977, Daniel Levinson constructed a model of the seasons ofa mans life. His developmental theory consists of universal stages or phasesthat extends from the infancy state to the elderly state. Most developmenttheories, such as Freuds psychosexual development theory or Piagets cognitivedevelopment theory, end in the adolescent stage of life. Levinsons stagetheory is important because it goes beyond most theories assuming thatdevelopment continues throughout adult life. Levinson based his model on biographical interviews of 40 American men. These 40 men were between 35 to 45 years in age and they worked as eitherbiology professors, novelists, business executives or industrial laborers. Thebiographical interviews lasted one or two hours and ranged from six to teninterviews for each subject. The questions asked focused on the subjects lifeaccounts in their post adolescent years. The interviews focused on topics suchas the mens background (education, religion, political beliefs) and majorevents or turning points in their lives. Levinsons concept of life structure (the mens socio-cultural world,their participation in their world and various aspects of themselves) is themajor component in Levinsons theory. The life structure for each personevolves through the developmental stages as peoples age. Two key concepts in Levinsons model are the stable period and thetransitional period in a persons development. The stable period is the timewhen a person makes crucial choices in life, builds a life structure around thechoices and seeks goals within the structure. The transitional period is theend of a persons stage and the beginning of a new stage. Levinsons model contains five main stages. They are the pre-adulthoodstage (age 0 22), the early adulthood stage (age 17 45), the middle adultstage (age 40 65), the late adulthood stage (age 60 85) and the late lateadult stage (age 80 plus). Levinson states the shift from one era to the nextis a massive development step and require transitional period of severalyears.(Levinson, 1977) This would explain why there is an overlap in each ofthese stages. Levinsons first adult stage in his model is called the Early AdultTransition Period. This phase is similar to Eriksons psychological theory inthat both concern the young adults identity crisis or role confusion. It isduring this phase that the young adult first gains independence (financial orotherwise) and leaves the home. This is a transitional stage because it marksthe end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. The second stage would be a stable period because it marks the timewhere the adult must pick a role, establish goals and build a life structure. This stage provides the young adult with any roles and choices for their future. Levinson believes that it is during this time that the young person dreams ofhis future success in a career, family life and status. Levinson also believesthat the presence of a mentor or older teacher is a great influence in guidingthe person through the obstacles in their career paths. The third stage, which can be divided into two parts, is called the Age30 transition. The first part of this phase deals with when the young adultreflects on their career and past successes and also plans for future successand status in their career as well as making plans in starting a family andsettling down. In Levinsons own words, the Age 30 transition provides anopportunity to work on the flaws and limitations of the first adult lifestructure and to create the basis for a new and more satisfactory structure withwhich to complete the era of early adulthood. (Levinson, 1977) This Age 30transition parallels Eriksons autonomy versus shame and doubt stage whichErikson applies to toddlers. The second part of the Age 30 transition period isthe settling down stage. It is in this stage that the person feels a need toestablish a role in society, whether in their career or their family life, whichever is the most central part of their life structure. The fourth phase of Levinsons model is called Becoming Ones Own Man orBOOM phase. In this stage, the man feels constrained by the authority figuresin their world. The individual wants more independence, authority and to betrue to their own voice. With this larger amount of authority, there comes agreater amount of responsibility and burden. This is also a time of conflict asthe person struggles with the notion of becoming an established adult andleaving behind the flaws of the early adult they once were. Levinson uses thephrase breaking out to describe the adults radical change in life structure. The conflict in this stage is the beginning of the major transitional period inlife called the mid-life transition. In the Mid-life transition, which Levinson believes to last from age 40to 45, the adult faces a crucial point in their development. Much soulsearching and reflecting is done during this phase. The adults question theirpast life structures and accomplishments and reevaluate their goals. There arevery few adults, according to Levinson, that find this mid-life stage difficult. The painful process of the mid-life transition stage results in a drasticallydifferent life structure with new goals within it. Even if an adult chooses notto change their life structure, they must still reappraise their life andrecommit themselves on different terms to their old choices. This troublingtransitional phase does, according to Levinson, have beneficial results. Levinson believes that the life structure that emerges in the middle 40s variesgreatly in its satisfactoriness(Levinson, 1977). Levinson also states thatfor some, the outcome of this transition provides the person with fulfillmentand a b etter direction. Levinsons model emphasizes that development of life structures is acontinuous life process. In the stages which follow the mid-life transition arenot focused on, but Levinson does state that the mid-life transition is not thelast opportunity for growth and change. He believes there are latertransitional periods in late adulthood as well. He states that as long as lifecontinues, no period marks the end of the opportunities, and the burdens offurther development. (McAdams and Levinson, 1977)PurposeLevinsons model is called the seasons of a mans life. This wordingalone predicts the gender bias found in his theory. His theory was based onbiographical material solely from men. This blatant bias would certainly affectthe models applicability towards women. Argument It is surprising that Levinsons model, established in 1978, would containsuch an outright bias considering the time period. Some obvious faults in histheory as it relates to women are the differences in mens and womens careerand family goals. the men who were interviewed for Levinsons study would havebeen raised in the 1950s and 60s. Women and men who grew up during this timewere gender typed to a much greater extent than the males and females are today. These big differences would indicate different education, goals, values andstatuses. It is very unlikely that Levinsons theory would apply to a womansdevelopment considering the different roles, goals and life structures betweenthese men and women. Perhaps, with a amore equal treatment of men and womentoday, Levinsons model of the season, of the life of man would be moreapplicable to both sexes. However, even with the majority of women who join the work force today,the lives of these women still differ drastically with the men of the laborforce and a universal model of development for men and women would still awaitfurther research as Levinson stated. This is not to say that women do not enter a development stage patternthat Levinson proposes because research has shown that women do enter thesephases, however, at different times than men and also the effects of thesetransitions affect women differently than men. It would be unlikely for awomans life to develop parallel to a mans life because the choices, obstaclesand goals men and women face , differ drastically from one another. For example,when entering the adult world, many women ( during the 50s and 60s ) were notfaced with the many different opportunities and roles which faced men. For manywomen, even those who were educated and worked, family was the majorresponsibility and their main role was the mother. Even in todays society,with equal opportunity and career mothers, a womans career is interrupted withpregnancy and the first months of motherhood (many choose to take years off fromwork to raise their children (Orstein and Isabella, 1990) ). The fact remains,althoughwomen h ave established themselves in the work force as equals to men and areable to have both families and careers, womens lives are different than mens. Free Will And Freud EssayThis look at the recent studies concerning women and their differentlife structures, roles and choices, compared to men, offers a betterunderstanding of the inapplicability of Levinsons model of development stagestowards women. Levinsons first stage in adulthood development is the Early Adulttransition period. This transition is from the end of adolescence to thebeginning of adulthood. It is most likely that men and women enter this stageat approximately the same time. The next stage, called Entering the Adult World is, on the other hand,different for men and women. As stated in the previously mentioned researchmany women, educated and career oriented or not (mostly in the 50s, 60s, and70s), were not offered the broad number of choices that a man at the same agewas offered. Women who joined the work force were expected to quit their jobswhen they became married or pregnant. Even today, though we have come so far inequal opportunity for men and women, there are still differences between men andwomens roles and responsibilities. The women who were raised more intraditional ways, however, reached the stage where more opportunities were waspresented to them, at a much later age than their husbands. This stage forthese women came after their husbands retired or planned to retire. Levinsonsstage model does relate to these women because they do eventually reach thestage in which they choose a career role and focus on their own personalachievement (and not just the achievement of their children or their spouse). It is now time for the women to focus on their abilities in their career and forthe men to focus on their personal interests. The above studies showed that the men who enter retirement become morehumanistic in their approaches towards their lives. In more modern times, womenmay enter their career of choice and still become a wife and mother. Whiletheir husbands do share in the work concerning the household and child rearingresponsibilities, it is the women whose career is put on hold during the lastmonths of pregnancy and the first months of motherhood. Many mothers take muchmore time off from their careers than the few months of maternal leave that isoffered to them. Though women have made great strides in balancing bothmotherhood and career, it is obviously a challenging task and one that differsfrom their husbands. For these women, their career may take a slow burn tothe top. In other words, these working mothers do eventually reach the topladder rung of success in their field, but because of the interruption in theirrise to the top due to child raising, their success is usually slower than theirh usband s. In regard to Levinsons model of development, the Becoming Ones OwnMan (or woman) stage may take longer to reach for women than for men. Thiswould also mean that the Age 30 Transition, which involves dissatisfactionwith their careers and their lack of seniority, may affect women longer, andlater than men. The studies mentioned earlier indicate that there are different stagesof career development for men and women. Levinsons development model is anage-related model, however, he does relate the ages of the men to the stages oftheir career that they should currently be in. Levinsons model is notapplicable to women in this regard, because womens ages and their careers donot equal mens age and their place in their career. If there must be auniversal model for human mid-life development, it must include this factor intheir theory. The final difference that will be discussed about the development formen and women in Levinsons model is the Mid-Life Transition. While it hasbeen established that this phase is equally troubling for both men and women, ithas also been shown that women choose different possibilities in dealing withthis transition period. For many women, the beginning of the 40s is also thetime when their children are grown up and leave the nest. For these women,opportunities and choices, in the work field, present themselves. However, menare well into their careers and in several years will consider retirement. Thisobvious difference in their career development is also an indicator of futuredifferences to come as the men and women enter the later part of adulthood. Though Levinson does not offer much detail in the further course of adultdevelopment in the later stages of life, he does state that transitions andchanges in life structures continue throughout a persons life. The before mentioned studies have shown that for women who have justentered the work force at an older age, their focus will be on their personalachievements in their career field. This is a transition for women who haveworked at home for the majority of their early adult years. For the men, on theother hand, their transition is to focus on their marriage, children andpersonal interests. The following years in these stages, for both men and women,will be on different levels of development for the woman and her husbandConclusionLevinsons development model is based on research strictly from men. This bias in his sample illustrates the shortcomings his model contains whenrelated to women. For Levinson to think that a model based on the developmentpatterns of a man can apply to a woman would be to assume that the lives of menand women are the same. Research shows that this is not the case. There is agreat deal of differences in the lives of women, compared to men, includingcareer and family goals and the options offered to men and women. While thedifference in education and careers are most obvious in the lives of women whowere raised in the 40s and 50s, it is still a current issue for the more modernwoman. Levinsons age-related development model is based on the stages of amans career and since men and women develop their careers at a different pace,womens development stages do not coincide with Levinsons model. In sum, a developmental model, if it is to apply to both genders mustinclude the difference between man and women and the contrasts between theircareer development. There is still an embarrassing lack of research on womensdevelopment. Further studies must develop in order to assess how much differentmen and women, in present modern day, really are in regard to their careers. Acommon trend occurring among married couples, is to postpone having childrenuntil the womans career has evolved (early 30s). Research into this pattern oflater motherhood will prove necessary in order to understand the similaritiesand dissimilarities of the careers of men to women. The contrast in careers formen and women is an important place to start in developing a model ofdevelopment for people because career development and the life structure, goaland personal development, are closely. I guess when Levinson decided to namehis study The Mid-Life Transition: A Period in Adult Psychosocial Development,he reall y should have called it The Mid-Life Transition: A Period in MensPsychosocial Development to avoid any misinterpretations. ReferencesBarnett, Rosalind C. et al . Gender and the Relationship Between JobExperiences and Psychological Distress: A Study of Dual-Earner Couples Journalof Personality and Social Psychology 5, vol. 64 1993, 793-803Bursik, Krisanne. An Adaptation to Divorce and Ego Development in Adult WomenJournal of Personality and Social Psychology 2, vol. 60 1991, 300-306Helson, Ravenna and Brent Roberts. The Personality of Young Adult Couples andWives Work Patterns Journal of Personality 3, vol. 60 Sept. 1992, 575-595Levinson, Daniel J. The Mid-LIfe Transition: A Period in Adult PsychosocialDevelopment. Psychiatry, vol. 40 May 1977, 99-112Ornstein, Suzyn and Lynn Isabella. Age vs. Stage Models of Career Attitudes ofWomen: A Partial Replication and Extension. Journal of Vocational Behavior, vol. 36 1990, 1-19Wink, Paul and Ravenna Helson. Personality Change in Women and Their PartnersJournal of Personality and Social Psychology 3, vol. 60 Sept. 1992, 597-604

Outsourcing Information Technology Risk Management

Question: Describe about the IT Risk Management? Answer: Introduction This report is about outsourcing information technology from a third party in business process of a company named Aztec that operates in Australia. Outsourcing IT involves variety of function such as operating services, local area network and software hardware and software, application development, etc IT outsourcing is a common phenomena in financial service (Herbane, 2005). It is so because primarily outsourcing helps in cost reduction. There are also several roles of the outsourcer of it function such as investigation and violation of review report, plays role for maintenance of procedures and policies of information security of clients, building awareness and techniques to use information system via training etc When companies like Aztec outsourced it services they have to share this information with the staff of the outsourcer. Majority of the companies in financial sector miss to make agreements with the third party when they negotiate for the IT function (Hopkins, 2003). As the result they have to pay extra during system crash in order to make back up of lost information (Merna Al-Thani, 2008). Financial service sector review Financial sector is a sector which changes their organization process constantly. Information technology in financial service industry, especially in business process of Aztec changes in very small time span in particular real side of organizational business process (Macdonald, 1995). Financial sector industry is unable to moving forward without using information technology system. Information system is one of the most important technologies within financial sector that generates process automatically. Due to increase of excessive competition, Aztec has to generate excessive capacity within their business process and depress their margin. Marginal edge of the risk thinking will be the best procedure and tempting them toward the failure via building riskier portfolio and removing the margins (Merna Al-Thani, 2008). In the financial service industry, Aztec faces high barrier that prohibited their business and make it more badly than its competitors. Hence it is identified that competition within the business of Aztec is working asymmetrically due to low development of technology. Using information technology Aztec would be able to offer better services to their customer that fulfill customer requirement and also increase customer base. According to vinaja(2008) most of the business organization in financial service sector outsourced IT functionalities in terms of diversification and generates high revenue growth. Security posture review Outsourcing information technology fundamentals in the business process of Aztec may create the culmination of sense making in for the organization. Sense making allows the organization in scanning the whole environment and interpret with each other properly. Based on the information it helps in taking action. The shifting from brink to click in financial services like Aztec has created various risks like reputational risk, system risk, money laundering risk, financial risk, strategic risk etc. it also includes other problems like requirement of software and hardware which includes high investment by the company which also leads to the problem of integration of the old system with the new system, excess capacity and also cost control issues. There also is the problem of the current system being outdated. The company takes total responsibility of maintaining security of implemented system. Budgetary constraint is also one of the most difficult parts to undertake within operational process of Aztec. If the organization outsourced the specific functions of IT asset, the company Aztec can gain their access of information in financial service sector and constraint the budgetary. Outsourcing of IT fundamental within the business process of organization in financial service industry can represent the transaction cost theory contradiction. Outsourcing the specific function of IT asset in business process of Aztec, the company is able to monitor their costs in better way. The tools and technique of information technology also reduce production cost when it was outsourced. Aztec would the following threats while outsourcing its it functionalities like desktop and network management or application development to a third party: 1] Customer protection 2] Data confidentiality 3] System availability 4] System integration 5] Transaction and customer authenticity Customer protection Aztec must make it sure it sure that their customers are properly authenticated before the access the sensitive information of the customer. As the customer are logged into their account for quite a long time their information are stored in the data base which creates chance of it being directly attacked on the system or the customers confidential information through worm, spamming, key worming etc Data confidentiality Data confidentiality refers to protection of valuable information and at the same time permitting authorized access. The ability of data protection through software and also recover data in case of their loss through backup, recovery policy etc gets reduced for Aztec. System availability The customers who are online depended online expect 24hrs service online each day. Thus by outsourcing it will not be ensuring that there is ample of capacity and resources in terms of software, operating capabilities and software for all round service. System integrity By outsourcing the It functionalities, Aztec may face operating flaws and transaction error that might result due to latent transmission or processing as the system would be totally automated. Transaction and customer authenticity If the outsourcing partner is not authentic, there might be issues related to transaction and customer authenticity. By outsourcing Aztec needs to make sure about the methods that their outsourcing partners are utilizing for protecting the customer authenticity and transaction. Vulnerabilities of outsourcing Banks may be misled due to security risk exposures and also risks of becoming victim of security breach, which might become a serious problem for banks and their users. If Aztec focuses on utilizing the present automated system of vulnerability management, it have some hidden flaws which do not have the capabilities to accurately resolve the outcomes. This impact may include inappropriate security vulnerabilities, inefficient utilization of utilization of IT resources and possible exploitation due to cybercriminals and also inundated resources of IT security that might lead to absenteeism of the employees, lower satisfaction level of job and as also erroneous risk of security which will destroy the credible information security system of Aztec. Risk mitigation The risk treatment process aim at selecting security measure to avoid reduces, transfer and reduce risk and produce a risk treatment plan that is the output of the process with the residual risk subject to the assessment of the management. It risk management includes following five steps 1] Understand and define your information risk universe To develop a comprehensive information risk management{irm} framework the organization must fix each member its responsibility. 2] Determine confidentiality integrity and availability requirement Not all level of business requires the same level of protection. Contractual obligation and legislative mandate may determine business control for some organization, but for others informed judgment calls in conjunction with partners in line of business is necessary. When accessing the criticality of a function, answering these three questions can be done How confidential is the function Is the accuracy of the functions information relied on heavily? If this functions not there when needed, what are the consequences? 3] Define your control Ciso needs to measure the security controls in all of these business groups to be able to do their jobs effectively. ciso should also employ a framework based approach to identify and measure these areas in order to track their progress over time. 4] Develop enforcement, monitoring and response mechanism An irm framework must ensure that these controls are defined, enforced, measured, monitored and reported. For areas where these controls may not sufficiently mitigate the risk, cisos must ensure that those risk are reduced transferred and accepted, 5] measure and report. Many security mangers are focused on gathering and reporting tactical and status update information. To develop a successful security metrics metrics program, cisos need to identify, prioritize , monitor and measure security based on business goal and objectives. They should then focus on translating those measurements into business language that can be of use to executive management. Conclusion: This report is adopted for providing detail information about information technology process when an organization of financial service sector outsourced IT function from third party. In the first phase of this report analyst report represents an overview of financial service sector in Australia. In this part the analyst include all the relevant information about the IT the financial services including government regulation. In the second part of the report analyst describes the review of current security posture of Aztec from the point of view of the IT security policies. After described the current scenario posture of information technology system when it outsourced from the third party analyze the threat, vulnerabilities and consequence for it control frame work. At the last part of this study , analyst described the possible data security issues when the IT system outsourced and provide recommendation to mitigate that identified issues. References: Chorafas, D. (2007).Risk management technology in financial services. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Clinical Waste and Its Risk Management. (2001).Clinical Risk,7(6), 251-252. doi:10.1258/1356262011928572 Dionne, G. (2013). Risk Management: History, Definition, and Critique.Risk Management And Insurance Review,16(2), 147-166. doi:10.1111/rmir.12016 Herbane, B. (2005). Risk Management on the Internet.Risk Manag (Bas),7(2), 65-66. doi:10.1057/palgrave.rm.8240213 Hopkins, A. (2003). Risk.Risk Manag (Bas),5(1), 85-85. doi:10.1057/palgrave.rm.8240143 Macdonald, J. (1995). Quality and the financial service sector.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,5(1), 43-46. doi:10.1108/09604529510081794 Merna, T., Al-Thani, F. (2008).Corporate risk management. Chichester, England: Wiley. Merna, T., Al-Thani, F. (2008).Corporate risk management. Chichester, England: Wiley.